Before circulators arrived, heating contractors tried some very interesting things to get the water to flow where they wanted it to flow. Here's a good example of that from Western Plumber in 1922.
This document contains the manufacturer's instructions for the HB Smith Series M450L Mills Water-Tube Boiler for automatic firing with oil or gas (Steam, Vapor, or Water ...
This document contains the jacket assembly instructions for the HB Smith Series 45 Mills Boiler (circa 1979).
This document contains the combustion chamber assembly instructions for the HB Smith Series 45 Mills Water-Tube Boiler for automatic firing with oil or gas (Steam, Vapor,...